Demografía de Eslovaquia
El siguiente artículo describe las características de la demografía de Eslovaquia
Población
La población de Eslovaquia se ha mantenido estable desde la década de los 80, fluctuando entre 5 y 5.5 millones de habitantes.
Etnias
La mayoría de los habitantes de Eslovaquia son étnicamente eslovacos (85,5%). Los húngaros son la minoría étnica más grande concentrados en la región sur del país. Otros grupos étnicos incluyen a los gitanos, checos, rutenos, ucranianos, alemanes, y polacos. El porcentaje de gitanos es de 1,7% según el último censo (que está basada en la propia definición de los gitanos), pero alrededor del 5,6% según entrevistas con alcaldes y representantes municipales (que está basada en la definición del pueblo permanente). Sin embargo, nótese que en el caso del 5,6%, los porcentajes de húngaros y eslovacos son más bajos por 4 puntos porcentuales. A pesar de su moderna economía y sociedad europeas , Eslovaquia tiene un importante componente rural con un tercio de la población aún vive en pueblos con menos de 5000 habitantes, y el 14 % en pueblos con menos de 1000.
Idiomas
El idioma oficial del estado es el eslovaco, un miembro de las lenguas eslavas, pero el húngaro es ampliamente hablado en el sur [cita requerida]y disfruta de un estatus cooficial en algunas regiones.
Nacimientos y defunciones[1]
La esperanza de vida es de 76 años y la población urbana supera el 60 por 100 así como el índice de fecundidad alcanzó los 1.28 hijos/mujer.[2]
| Población | Nacidos vivos | Muertes | Cambio natural | NacimientosBirths (por 1000) |
Defunciones (por 1000) |
Cambio natural(por 1000) | Tasas de fertilidad | Abortos inducidos | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1919 | 2,940,000 | 91,729 | 56,866 | 34,863 | 31.2 | 19.3 | 11.9 | 3.64 | |
| 1920 | 3,001,000 | 97,680 | 61,084 | 36,596 | 32.6 | 20.4 | 12.2 | 4.25 | |
| 1921 | 3,006,000 | 114,947 | 63,507 | 51,440 | 38.2 | 21.1 | 17.1 | 4.96 | |
| 1922 | 3,046,000 | 111,059 | 62,902 | 48,157 | 36.5 | 20.7 | 15.8 | 4.67 | |
| 1923 | 3,095,000 | 111,070 | 54,176 | 56,894 | 35.9 | 17.5 | 18.4 | 4.55 | |
| 1924 | 3,135,000 | 106,062 | 56,322 | 49,740 | 33.8 | 18.0 | 15.9 | 4.25 | |
| 1925 | 3,168,000 | 102,867 | 56,171 | 46,696 | 32.5 | 17.7 | 14.7 | 4.01 | |
| 1926 | 3,202,000 | 103,955 | 59,701 | 44,254 | 32.5 | 18.6 | 13.8 | 3.98 | |
| 1927 | 3,232,000 | 99,891 | 59,172 | 40,719 | 30.9 | 18.3 | 12.6 | 3.76 | |
| 1928 | 3,258,000 | 99,673 | 58,320 | 41,353 | 30.6 | 17.9 | 12.7 | 3.69 | |
| 1929 | 3,286,000 | 95,387 | 56,447 | 38,940 | 29.0 | 17.2 | 11.9 | 3.48 | |
| 1930 | 3,315,000 | 96,898 | 52,268 | 44,630 | 29.2 | 15.8 | 13.5 | 3.49 | |
| 1931 | 3,350,000 | 93,309 | 54,273 | 39,036 | 27.9 | 16.2 | 11.7 | 3.33 | |
| 1932 | 3,388,000 | 93,140 | 52,992 | 40,148 | 27.5 | 15.6 | 11.9 | 3.29 | |
| 1933 | 3,424,000 | 84,975 | 50,655 | 34,320 | 24.8 | 14.8 | 10.0 | 2.96 | |
| 1934 | 3,456,000 | 83,493 | 50,178 | 33,315 | 24.2 | 14.5 | 9.6 | 2.86 | |
| 1935 | 3,486,000 | 82,382 | 49,830 | 32,552 | 23.6 | 14.3 | 9.3 | 2.8 | |
| 1936 | 3,515,000 | 80,923 | 48,547 | 32,376 | 23.0 | 13.8 | 9.2 | 2.79 | |
| 1937 | 3,540,000 | 79,862 | 49,527 | 30,335 | 22.6 | 14.0 | 8.6 | 2.77 | |
| 1938 | 3,726,000 | 80,800 | 49,700 | 31,100 | 21.7 | 13.3 | 8.3 | 2.8 | |
| 1939 | 3,577,000 | 81,200 | 48,800 | 32,400 | 22.7 | 13.6 | 9.1 | 2.83 | |
| 1940 | 3,553,000 | 85,300 | 52,900 | 32,400 | 24.0 | 14.9 | 9.1 | 2.87 | |
| 1941 | 3,542,000 | 85,700 | 53,600 | 32,100 | 24.2 | 15.1 | 9.1 | 2.9 | |
| 1942 | 3,523,000 | 87,200 | 55,900 | 31,300 | 24.8 | 15.9 | 8.9 | 2.93 | |
| 1943 | 3,503,000 | 87,700 | 50,900 | 36,800 | 25.0 | 14.5 | 10.5 | 2.96 | |
| 1944 | 3,484,000 | 91,600 | 58,100 | 33,500 | 26.3 | 16.7 | 9.6 | 3 | |
| 1945 | 3,459,000 | 81,880 | 67,505 | 14,375 | 23.7 | 19.5 | 4.2 | 3.03 | |
| 1946 | 3,392,000 | 82,204 | 47,589 | 34,615 | 24.2 | 14.0 | 10.2 | 3.09 | |
| 1947 | 3,399,000 | 87,659 | 41,491 | 46,168 | 25.8 | 12.2 | 13.6 | 3.21 | |
| 1948 | 3,446,000 | 91,189 | 40,873 | 50,316 | 26.5 | 11.9 | 14.6 | 3.24 | |
| 1949 | 3,447,000 | 91,053 | 41,727 | 49,326 | 26.4 | 12.1 | 14.3 | 3.28 | |
| 1950 | 3,463,000 | 99,721 | 39,668 | 60,053 | 28.8 | 11.5 | 17.4 | 3.56 | |
| 1951 | 3,509,000 | 100,663 | 40,505 | 60,158 | 28.5 | 11.5 | 17.0 | 3.58 | |
| 1952 | 3,558,000 | 100,824 | 36,897 | 63,927 | 28.0 | 10.2 | 17.7 | 3.57 | |
| 1953 | 3,599,000 | 99,124 | 35,598 | 63,526 | 26.9 | 9.7 | 17.3 | 3.50 | |
| 1954 | 3,661,000 | 98,310 | 34,866 | 63,444 | 26.2 | 9.3 | 16.9 | 3.45 | |
| 1955 | 3,727,000 | 99,305 | 32,917 | 66,388 | 26.0 | 8.6 | 17.4 | 3.47 | |
| 1956 | 3,787,000 | 99,467 | 32,815 | 66,652 | 25.5 | 8.4 | 17.1 | 3.46 | |
| 1957 | 3,844,000 | 97,311 | 35,755 | 61,556 | 24.5 | 9.0 | 15.5 | 3.34 | |
| 1958 | 3,900,000 | 93,272 | 32,106 | 61,166 | 23.1 | 7.9 | 15.1 | 3.25 | 12,383 |
| 1959 | 3,946,000 | 87,991 | 34,077 | 53,914 | 21.5 | 8.3 | 13.1 | 3.07 | 17,217 |
| 1960 | 3,994,000 | 88,412 | 31,609 | 56,803 | 22.1 | 7.9 | 14.2 | 3.08 | 20,738 |
| 1961 | 4,182,000 | 87,359 | 31,403 | 55,956 | 21.6 | 7.8 | 13.8 | 3.04 | 24,244 |
| 1962 | 4,238,000 | 83,899 | 34,398 | 49,501 | 19.8 | 8.1 | 11.7 | 2.84 | 23,784 |
| 1963 | 4,282,000 | 87,158 | 32,978 | 54,180 | 20.4 | 7.7 | 12.7 | 2.95 | 19,076 |
| 1964 | 4,327,000 | 86,878 | 32,875 | 54,003 | 20.1 | 7.6 | 12.5 | 2.91 | 19,174 |
| 1965 | 4,371,000 | 84,257 | 35,910 | 48,347 | 19.3 | 8.2 | 11.1 | 2.80 | 21,037 |
| 1966 | 4,412,000 | 81,453 | 36,357 | 45,096 | 18.5 | 8.2 | 10.2 | 2.68 | 24,445 |
| 1967 | 4,449,000 | 77,537 | 35,458 | 42,079 | 17.4 | 8.0 | 9.5 | 2.50 | 26,571 |
| 1968 | 4,484,000 | 76,370 | 38,076 | 38,294 | 17.0 | 8.5 | 8.5 | 2.40 | 27,398 |
| 1969 | 4,519,000 | 79,769 | 40,623 | 39,146 | 17.7 | 9.0 | 8.7 | 2.43 | 28,534 |
| 1970 | 4,550,000 | 80,666 | 42,240 | 38,426 | 17.7 | 9.3 | 8.4 | 2.40 | 27,873 |
| 1971 | 4,557,000 | 83,062 | 42,856 | 40,206 | 18.2 | 9.4 | 8.8 | 2.42 | 28,619 |
| 1972 | 4,597,000 | 87,794 | 41,410 | 46,384 | 19.1 | 9.0 | 10.1 | 2.49 | 26,213 |
| 1973 | 4,641,000 | 92,953 | 43,759 | 49,194 | 20.0 | 9.4 | 10.6 | 2.56 | 25,335 |
| 1974 | 4,690,000 | 97,585 | 44,934 | 52,651 | 20.8 | 9.6 | 11.2 | 2.60 | 26,086 |
| 1975 | 4,739,000 | 97,649 | 45,248 | 52,401 | 20.6 | 9.5 | 11.1 | 2.53 | 26,160 |
| 1976 | 4,790,000 | 99,814 | 45,420 | 54,394 | 20.8 | 9.5 | 11.4 | 2.52 | 27,700 |
| 1977 | 4,841,000 | 99,533 | 47,181 | 52,352 | 20.6 | 9.7 | 10.8 | 2.47 | 27,875 |
| 1978 | 4,890,000 | 100,193 | 47,778 | 52,415 | 20.5 | 9.8 | 10.7 | 2.45 | 28,641 |
| 1979 | 4,939,000 | 100,240 | 47,837 | 52,403 | 20.3 | 9.7 | 10.6 | 2.44 | 29,981 |
| 1980 | 4,984,000 | 95,100 | 50,579 | 44,521 | 19.1 | 10.1 | 8.9 | 2.31 | 31,240 |
| 1981 | 5,016,000 | 93,290 | 49,632 | 43,658 | 18.6 | 9.9 | 8.7 | 2.28 | 31,943 |
| 1982 | 5,055,000 | 92,618 | 50,393 | 42,225 | 18.3 | 10.0 | 8.4 | 2.26 | 33,107 |
| 1983 | 5,092,000 | 92,053 | 52,433 | 39,620 | 18.1 | 10.3 | 7.8 | 2.27 | 33,625 |
| 1984 | 5,127,000 | 90,843 | 51,739 | 39,104 | 17.7 | 10.1 | 7.6 | 2.25 | 34,268 |
| 1985 | 5,162,000 | 90,155 | 52,464 | 37,691 | 17.5 | 10.2 | 7.3 | 2.26 | 36,283 |
| 1986 | 5,193,000 | 87,138 | 53,233 | 33,905 | 16.8 | 10.3 | 6.5 | 2.20 | 40,624 |
| 1987 | 5,224,000 | 84,006 | 52,980 | 31,026 | 16.1 | 10.1 | 5.9 | 2.18 | 49,690 |
| 1988 | 5,251,000 | 83,242 | 52,475 | 30,767 | 15.9 | 10.0 | 5.9 | 2.15 | 51,000 |
| 1989 | 5,276,000 | 80,116 | 53,902 | 26,214 | 15.2 | 10.2 | 5.0 | 2.08 | 48,602 |
| 1990 | 5,298,000 | 79,989 | 54,619 | 25,370 | 15.1 | 10.3 | 4.8 | 2.09 | 48,437 |
| 1991 | 5,283,000 | 78,569 | 54,618 | 23,951 | 14.9 | 10.3 | 4.5 | 2.05 | 45,902 |
| 1992 | 5,307,000 | 74,640 | 53,423 | 21,217 | 14.1 | 10.1 | 4.0 | 1.99 | 42,626 |
| 1993 | 5,325,000 | 73,256 | 52,707 | 20,549 | 13.8 | 9.9 | 3.9 | 1.93 | 38,815 |
| 1994 | 5,347,000 | 66,370 | 51,386 | 14,984 | 12.4 | 9.6 | 2.8 | 1.67 | 34,883 |
| 1995 | 5,364,000 | 61,427 | 52,686 | 8,741 | 11.5 | 9.8 | 1.6 | 1.52 | 29,409 |
| 1996 | 5,374,000 | 60,123 | 51,236 | 8,887 | 11.2 | 9.5 | 1.7 | 1.47 | 25,173 |
| 1997 | 5,383,000 | 59,310 | 52,080 | 7,230 | 11.0 | 9.7 | 1.3 | 1.43 | 22,318 |
| 1998 | 5,391,000 | 57,582 | 53,156 | 4,426 | 10.7 | 9.9 | 0.8 | 1.37 | 21,109 |
| 1999 | 5,396,000 | 56,223 | 52,402 | 3,821 | 10.4 | 9.7 | 0.7 | 1.33 | 19,949 |
| 2000 | 5,401,000 | 55,151 | 52,724 | 2,427 | 10.2 | 9.8 | 0.4 | 1.29 | 18,468 |
| 2001 | 5,379,000 | 51,136 | 51,980 | -844 | 9.5 | 9.7 | -0.2 | 1.20 | 18,026 |
| 2002 | 5,379,000 | 50,841 | 51,532 | -691 | 9.5 | 9.6 | -0.1 | 1.19 | 17,382 |
| 2003 | 5,379,000 | 51,713 | 52,230 | -517 | 9.6 | 9.7 | -0.1 | 1.20 | 16,222 |
| 2004 | 5,383,000 | 53,747 | 51,852 | 1,895 | 10.0 | 9.6 | 0.4 | 1.24 | 15,307 |
| 2005 | 5,387,000 | 54,430 | 53,475 | 955 | 10.1 | 9.9 | 0.2 | 1.25 | 14,427 |
| 2006 | 5,391,000 | 53,904 | 53,301 | 603 | 10.0 | 9.9 | 0.1 | 1.24 | 14,243 |
| 2007 | 5,398,000 | 54,424 | 53,856 | 568 | 10.1 | 10.0 | 0.1 | 1.26 | 13,424 |
| 2008 | 5,407,000 | 57,360 | 53,164 | 4,196 | 10.6 | 9.8 | 0.8 | 1.32 | 13,394 |
| 2009 | 5,418,000 | 61,217 | 52,913 | 8,304 | 11.3 | 9.8 | 1.5 | 1.41 | 13,240 |
| 2010 | 5,431,000 | 60,410 | 53,445 | 6,965 | 11.1 | 9.8 | 1.3 | 1.40 | 12,582 |
| 2011 | 5,398,000 | 60,813 | 51,903 | 8,910 | 11.3 | 9.6 | 1.7 | 1.45 | 11,789 |
| 2012 | 5,408,000 | 55,535 | 52,437 | 3,098 | 10.3 | 9.7 | 0.6 | 1.34 | 11,214 |
| 2013 | 5,416,000 | 54,823 | 52,089 | 2,734 | 10.1 | 9.6 | 0.5 | 1.34 | 11,105 |
| 2014 | 5,421,000 | 55,033 | 51,346 | 3,687 | 10.2 | 9.5 | 0.7 | 1.37 | 10,582 |
| 2015 | 5,426,000 | 55,604 | 53,826 | 1,778 | 10.3 | 9.9 | 0.3 | 1.40 | 10,058 |
| 2016 | 5,435,000 | 57,557 | 52,351 | 5,206 | 10.6 | 9.6 | 1.0 | 1.48 | 9,390 |
| 2017[3][4] | 5,443,000 | 57,969 | 53,914 | 4,055 | 10.7 | 9.9 | 0.7 | 1.52 | 9,083 |
| 2018 | 5,450,000 | 57,639 | 54,293 | 3,346 | 10.6 | 10.0 | 0.6 | 1.5435 | 9,039 |
| 2019 | 5,458,000 | 57,054 | 53,234 | 3,820 | 10.5 | 9.8 | 0.7 | 1.5642 | 6,682 |
| 2020 | 5,459,781 | 56,650 | 59,089 | -2,439 | 10.4 | 10.8 | -0.4 | 1.5884 | 6,180 |
Inmigración
La inmigración en Eslovaquia es una de las más bajas de la Unión Europea. A continuación se desglosa el número y origen de inmigrantes:
| Nacionalidad | Población (2020)[5] |
|---|---|
 Ucrania
|
42,162 |
 Serbia
|
16,005 |
  República Checa
|
12,246 |
 Hungría
|
9,492 |
 Rumania
|
7,372 |
 Vietnam
|
6,798 |
 Polonia
|
6,133 |
 Rusia
|
5,658 |
 Alemania
|
4,572 |
 Italia
|
3,057 |
.svg.png){kind=small} Reino Unido
|
2,828 |
 China
|
2,695 |
 Australia
|
2,563 |
 BUlgaria
|
1,740 |
 Macedonia del Norte
|
1,675 |
 Francia
|
1,563 |
 Corea del Sur
|
1,493 |
 España
|
1,300 |
 Croacia
|
1,274 |
 Irán
|
1,221 |
Religión
La constitución de Eslovaquia garantiza la libertad de credo. La mayoría de la población es católica (62%), mientras que el segundo grupo más numeroso corresponde a la población atea (13%). Cerca del 6.9% son Protestantes, 4.1% son católicos griegos y 0.9% corresponde a Ortodoxos.
Notas
- ↑ «Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic». Archivado desde el original el 7 de febrero de 2011. Consultado el 17 de febrero de 2011.
- ↑ «EL ESTADO DEL MUNDO 2011». Archivado desde el original el 27 de agosto de 2011. Consultado el 12 de mayo de 2011.
- ↑ «Štatistický úrad SR». Portal.statistics.sk. Archivado desde el original el 7 de febrero de 2011. Consultado el 29 de agosto de 2017.
- ↑ «Main demographic data». Infostat.sk. Consultado el 29 de agosto de 2017.
- ↑ https://www.minv.sk/swift_data/source/policia/hranicna_a_cudzinecka_policia/rocenky/rok_2020/2020-rocenka-UHCP-EN.pdf
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Datos: Q340068
Multimedia: Demographics of Slovakia / Q340068